Transport and handling vehicles

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In 1972 at the mechanical faculty of the Gorky Polytechnic Institute there was established the chair/division "Construction machinery" on the basis of the development department for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (OKB RALSNEMG). The head of chair/division till 1984 was the doctor of engineering science, full professor A. F. Nikolayev. Since 1984 till the present time it is supervised by the graduate of chair/division "Motor vehicles and tractors", the doctor of engineering science, full professor, academician of the Russian academy of the transport A. P. Kulyashov. The chair/division trains the engineers in the speciality lifting and transport, construction machinery and equipment. During existence of chair/division "Construction machinery" there were developed more than 30 models of vehicles, some of them were in full-scale production.

In 1978 there was a regular reorganization of mechanical engineering and mechanical faculties. The speciality "Machines and technology of metal forming" from mechanical engineering faculty was transferred to the mechanical faculty. The chair/division "Construction machinery" and the development department for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (OKB RALSNEMG) became the constituent parts of mechanical engineering faculty. The year of 1978 becomes crucial in establishment of research scientific and designing schools engaged in the development of problems of research and designing of motor vehicles, tractors and offroad transport and handling vehicles at Gorky polytechnic institute. The reorganization of mechanical engineering and mechanical faculties allowed to concentrate on mechanical engineering faculty four related specialities, in which they trained the engineers for enterprises engaged in development and maintenance of mobile land transport and handling vehicles (of automobiles, tractors, construction machinery, offroad vehicles, military equipment and engines). Owing to that in 1978 the mechanical engineering faculty was renamed in motor vehicles faculty.

From 1975 to 1988 the branch research laboratory of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) was recruited as a joint participant to the research on the problems determined by the correspondent regulations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Council of Ministers of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for military and industrial establishments and Ministry of Defense of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics : "The research and development of techniques and methods of improvement of cross-country ability and agility of tracked special-purpose vehicles", "Development of the special-purpose crawler body". As a result of that there was developed and produced a new variant of the track, which was installed and tested on the item 025. The carried out activities in the second research trend allowed to substantiate the choice of the circuit diagram and parameters of the design of the special-purpose crawler body. The elements of those developments were used in the pilot models of vehicles GPI-1939 (crawler body, development of 1988-1992); NNPI-1901 (mini timber carrier, development of 1991-1992); NGTU-1903 (mini-dragger, development of 1993-1994). The vehicles NNPI-1901 and NGTU-1903 undergo operational testing in the forestry "Zaton imeni Parizhskoy Kommuny" and Department of fuel supply of Voskresensk district of Nizhny Novgorod region.

Since the 70-th the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) engages itself in the development of flexible air tracks for transporters. There were developed and experimentally tested the vehicles GAZ-47PG and GAZ-71PG. Together with improvement of air tracks designs for GAZ transporters in the period from 1976 to 1978 there were developed, made and researched air tracklaying drivers for tractors of the towing class 2 ts T-54s (TPG-54s) of the Kishinev tractor plant and tractor of the towing class 3 ts T-150 (TPG-150) of the Kharkov tractor plant.

The introduction of air tracks allowed to lower sealing effect of agricultural machines on soil. The All-Union research institute for mechanical engineering (VIM) (department of chassis and crawler bodies) confirmed that in 1980. The air tracks were developed in the laboratory together with the employees of the Moscow Technical university named after N. E. Baumann by the doctor of engineering science, full professor N. F. Bocharov and the employee of NATI V. M. Semenov. The employees of chair/division "Offroad vehicles" the full professor Yu. P. Novikov and associate professor N. B. Veselov made large contribution to development of flexible air track drivers for snow and marsh mobiles.

In 1981 the branch research laboratory of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) was recruited as a joint participant to the research on the problems "Research of the comparison characteristics of the controllability and trafficability of the wheel chassis and crawler bodies". There was developed the full-size research pilot model GPI-3901 of the wheel chassis (4õ4, 6õ6, 8õ8) with gross load 5 to 9 tons with side (power) turning diagram (see photo). The broad possibilities of the change of parameters of chassis of the pilot model GPI-3901 allowed to carry out a large number of tests of parameters  of controllability and trafficability of the wheel chassis. These researches were effected in the period from 1983 to 1987 in accordance with commercial contracts with VNIITRANSMASH (All-Union research institute of transport engineering, city of Saint-Petersburg).

The defense of two Ph. D. theses were the logical completion of activities on research of wheel chassis GPI-3901: the one of V. S. Kozlov in 1989 - "Selection of parameters of drivers of wheel vehicles with onboard control technique according to the characteristics of turning ability" and V. V. Belyakov in 1992 - "Design procedure and analysis of techniques of improvement of trafficability of multiaxis wheel vehicles on snow", and also scientific manual "Cross-country ability of automobiles" [3]. The present employees of the special design office of transport and handling vehicles (SKTB TTM) deputy assistant of the scientific chief V. I. Kurnev and chief engineer V. A. Maslennikov, who was the responsible person for execution of subject "Research of the comparative characteristics of controllability and cros-country ability of wheel chassis and crawler bodies" , made the large contribution to the given activity. V. A. Maslennikov also took an active part in research and development works of the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) on analysis and development of skimobiles and full-track snow and marsh mobiles.

In 1983-1985 there were conducted the experimental and analytical research of tensioner mechanisms of tracks of ZZGT transporters in the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM). A. V. Knyazev defended the Ph. D. thesis on the basis of results of these activities.

Within a number of years the branch research laboratory of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) was engaged in the actual problem bound with environmental protection. Pursuant to the regulation of Council of Ministers of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic No. 600 from November 30, 1973 under the plan of introduction of high technology and means of mechanization there was developed in the branch research laboratory of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) the design of the rotary-screw type (rotary-propeller) marsh mobile GPI-02. The vehicle was made and applied in Association of aeration stations of Kuryanovo (Moscow) for processing of sludge sedimentation and drying beds chambers settling of sewage disposal plants. Its tests and in-service experience allowed to create vehicles GPI-06 and modification GPI-3906 with diesel motor. The vehicle GPI-06 is prized by a bronze medal of the All-Union exhibition of achievements of national economy (VDNKh SSSR) of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

On the threshold of activities on vehicles for aeration stations there were developed light ski-equipped snow mobile (GPI-16VS in 1967; GPI-16VA in 1967; GPI-05 in 1972).

Scientific - practical research trend in development and research of rotary-propeller vehicles successfully develops on chair/division "Construction machinery", in research laboratory for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (NIL RALSNEMG). The collectives of these divisions in different years developed screw-rotary vehicles: LFM-66 (1968), LFM-72 (1971), PTV-84 (1972), RVVP-68 (1972), LFM-75 (1973), RVT-85 (1977), VM-99 (1976), SLU-119 (1981). The vehicle LFM-66 is produced on the basis of serially produced crawler GAZ-47.

In 1978 V. Ye. Kolotilin reviewed some results of research and development executed in the development department for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (OKB RALSNEMG) in Ph. D. thesis: "Researches of processes of interaction of rotary-propeller driver of the ice-milling  vehicle with snow cover and dynamic loads in its power drive".

The employees of chair/division "Construction machinery" V. F. Kulepov, V. N. Khudyakov, A. A. Koshurina, L. S. Levshunov, V. A. Shapkin, A. V. Yankovich made considerable contribution to development of the theory of rotary-propeller drivers and their chassis as well as equipment for removal of ice, snow and frozen ground.

Large theoretical and practical value have the activities of the professor A. P. Kulyashov, in which there were researched the criteria of estimation of behavior of rotary-screw (rotary-propeller) (RV) vehicles in different operating conditions. There were developed fundamentals of the theory of motion of vehicles equipped with rotary-screw drivers, which bases on rules of deformation of carrying environments during their interaction with units of driver, that allowed to justify increase of carrying - towing qualities of rotary-screw driver and its universality [2,4,5,6]. In 1986 the perennial researches the development department for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (OKB RALSNEMG), the research laboratory for special construction machinery (NIL SSDM), the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) and chair/division "Construction machinery" are generalized in doctoral dissertation of A. P. Kulyashov "Special-purpose construction machinery with rotary-propeller driver".

In 1985 the scientific - theoretical and the experimental activities on development of air tracklaying drivers resulted in development of snow and marsh excavators E-5015 and E-4121 with air tracklaying driver for Upper Volga region administration of main oil pipelines. These vehicles executed activities on liquidation of emergencies and repair of oil and gas  pipelines. 

Then in 1985 the oil workers received the self-propelled engineering floating type platform (repair) STPr6901-01, with large load capacity (10 tons) on air tracklaying drivers and element base of the truck KamAZ. There is the full-scale production of those vehicles (in the town of Velikiye Luki - "Vityaz"; in the town of Aznakayevo - "Bulgar"; in Nizhny Novgorod - STPR-6910M). In 1987 STPr-6901-01 was reequipped for the installation on the platform of the excavating aggregate from the excavator of production in the city of Kovrov and received the name STPr-6901-02. The associate professor, Ph. D. in engineering N. B. Veselov managed these activities in the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM). Now activities on the given subjects are conducted in the special design office of transport and handling vehicles (SKTB TTM).

The presentation of developments of motor vehicles faculty to the management of Nizhny Novgorod polytechnic  institute (NNPI) (left to right: Kiriyenko, Veselov, Barakhtanov, Lezin)

In 1986 collective of the writers: A. P. Kulyashov, L. V. Barakhtanov, V. I. Yershov integrated perennial experience of research and designing of oversnow transport accumulated up to that time in Gorky polytechnic institute in the monography "Snow mobiles" [2]. The full professor S.V.Rukavishnikov was included in the group of authors of this collective monography . In 1988  the chief the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) L. V. Barakhtanov integrates 25 years' experience of the branch research lab of offroad vehicles (ONIL VM) in the field of research and designing of full-track snow and marsh mobiles in doctoral dissertation on the subject "Improvement of cross-country ability of full-track vehicles on snow". In 1989 the employee of chair/division "Construction machinery" V. A. Shapkin defends the Ph. D. thesis: "Development of statistical method of estimation of oscillations of rotary-propeller vehicles and techniques to decrease their level during oversnow driving". In this research were prolonged activities on statistical characteristics of a cross-country terrain as underlying layer of snow cover executed in sixties.

In 1989 on the basis of chair/division "Construction machinery" and the development department for ice, snow and frozen ground removal equipment (OKB RALSNEMG) at motor vehicle faculty there was organized the research laboratory for special construction machinery (NIL SSDM) managed from the beginning and till present day by the Ph. D. in engineering, associate professor, director of interuniversity exhibition center V. Ye. Kolotilin.

Major trends of activity of the laboratory:

research and development of the transport and handling vehicles with different types of drivers;

development of process equipment  for production of construction materials.

So, in accordance with the first research trend there was developed the scientific substantiation and design proposal for designing of forestry engineering machinery for reconstructive-gradual felling. Within the framework of that research trend there was developed the design of elastically deformed track of an ecologically compatible caterpillar. 200 commercially produced  tracks were produced in Belotserkovskiy RTI. There were conducted the proving ground tests of the tracks on the tractor LKhT-100 of the Onega tractor plant and on forage crop harvesting combine at Bryansk agricultural academy. The conclusions on the research trend received approval of the Scientific and engineering board of State forest committee of USSR.

In cooperation with Main administration of melioration the collective research laboratory for special construction machinery (NIL SSDM) conducted the analysis of reclamation machines resulting in the creation of the detailed design of a small reclamation machine RVM-01 using the rotary screw-type drive. Complete with base model there was developed the hydraulically operated attached equipment, which basis formed the original centrifugal pump. The machine provided ecologically compatible technology of disposal on the small rivers from water to the shore. At the time of designing the project there were present no analogues of RVM-01 in the USSR .

In research laboratory for special construction machinery (NIL SSDM) together with Design office SKTB “IMPULSE”there were conducted activities on calculation technique development and some design studies of salvage means for evacuation of staff of floating drilling units and ice drilling units in case of emergency situations.

In the second research trend the main efforts were directed towards designing of the automated clay brick production equipment. Here it was possible to make a number of the inventions allowing to design the original stackers of cob bricks onto drying cars and rackers for stowage of dried workpieces onto furnace cars for the subsequent calcination.
 
They prepared the detailed design of the automatic stacker, automatic racker and the electrical control panels and those were produced on demand by the development plant of Nizhny Novgorod polytechnic institute and at the plant “Stroyindustriya” (Nizhny Novgorod) for brick factories of Perm, Saransk, Slavyansk (Donetsk region, Ukraine).

Besides in research laboratory for special construction machinery (NIL SSDM) there was developed and produced in small lots the press “Malysh” for slag blocks formation.